Between Frames

Personal Snapshots: An Inherited Memory of Vietnam

Curated by Philippe Trinh

Between Frames

An immersive historical installation combining photography, archival audio, artifacts, and projected slides from the Vietnam War era.

Visitors move through these rooms the way I’ve been moving through this history myself—trying to understand something I was never there to see.

My parents left Vietnam with nothing. No physical records of the places they grew up, the streets they walked, or the version of home that existed before everything changed.

What remains are stories—fragments, retold.

So what you’re seeing here isn’t my family’s archive— it’s someone else’s.

Walls of photographs filled with images captured by U.S. servicemen—men who moved through the same country my parents knew, but from a different position, a different lens. Their cameras capturing moments of routine, unfamiliar landscapes, Vietnamese civilians encountered in passing… And yet, inside those frames, small details begin to echo the stories I grew up hearing— but never saw.

Together, these fragments build something larger. They form a kind of memory—one that is incomplete, subjective, and carried across time by people who didn’t realize what they were preserving.

And within that memory, another layer begins to take shape:

A Vietnam my parents once knew—reconstructed not from what they carried with them, but from what others left behind.

Fragments of a Country

Carried forward: Photographs from Vietnam and the Memory They Preserved.

  • Viewed together, these images reflect the conditions in which they were made. Some of these amateur photographs are imperfect—while others feel more deliberate.

    They show a side of war that is rarely seen. Not the conflict itself, but everything surrounding it—how time passed, how unfamiliar places were experienced, and what stood out enough to be remembered.

    Each photograph is a fragment—a single frame pulled from a much larger experience. What they show is incomplete.

    For me, these images exist alongside another timeline.

    There is the Vietnam I know today—what I’ve walked through myself. A country that feels alive, evolving, layered with new energy. And then there is the Vietnam my parents carry with them. The one shaped by memory, by stories told over meals, by moments that were never photographed.

    These photographs, images and video sit somewhere in between.

    They are not my family’s images, but they move through the same time and the same landscape. They begin to fill in the space between what was lived and what was passed down. They offer glimpses into a world that shaped a generation before me—one that my family came out of, and one I am still trying to understand.

    For many of us, that connection is layered. We return as visitors, trying to piece together something that was never fully ours to begin with. But through fragments like these—through what others saw, and chose to remember—we get closer to that past.

    And in that space between images and memory, between their experience and ours, a connection begins to take form.

  • Recovered from thousands of found and preserved negatives, photographs, and film strips taken by U.S. servicemen in Vietnam using their own personal cameras.

    These images were not made as official records, but as informal, often instinctive observations—captured by individuals with little or no formal training, documenting what felt immediate or worth remembering. The result is a raw and unpolished archive, shaped as much by chance as intention.

    The photographs don’t depict combat. Instead, they trace the overlooked rhythms of daily life: passing time, beaches, music, fleeting connections, and the civilians who moved alongside them. What emerges is a view of the war from within—experienced rather than reported, remembered rather than defined.

    My parents fled Vietnam during the fall of Saigon and left without photographs, so these frames unexpectedly preserve fragments of the world they lost. Decades later, the work brings these parallel histories into conversation—where one person’s passing moment becomes another family’s missing memory.

  • This exhibition presents a photographic archive assembled by Philippe Trinh from images of daily life, captured by U.S. servicemen in Vietnam using their own personal cameras.

    Most photographs associated with the Vietnam War center on conflict. This collection turns away from that perspective, focusing instead on the everyday moments these men chose to record. Many never returned to the places they photographed, and many never returned home.

    The images in this exhibition were made outside official documentation—taken casually, often without technical training, by individuals navigating an unfamiliar environment. As a result, the archive resists polish. Some frames are soft, out of focus, maybe slightly over exposed, yet more importantly they carry an immediacy that feels unfiltered and direct.

    Rather than offering a complete account, the photographs reflect individual attention—what caught the eye, what felt worth keeping, what might be sent back to someone far away. Scenes of routine surface again and again: improvised haircuts, music shared between soldiers, stretches of idle time, brief encounters with new landscapes, and the shifting rhythm between tension and release. Most often, the camera settles on one another—friends, companions, and the relationships that formed within uncertainty.

    The lens also turns toward the surrounding world—local civilians, workers, families, and children—figures encountered in passing or through daily proximity. These moments do not attempt to explain the war. Instead, they reveal how life continued alongside it.

    What emerges is not a record of events, but of presence—of how it felt to exist within that time. The images trace states of waiting, closeness, curiosity, and dislocation, revealing the emotional texture that official histories often leave behind.

    For the men who made them, these photographs were immediate and personal. Over time, they have taken on a different weight.

    Philippe’s parents come from the same streets pictured here. His father left Vietnam the day before the fall of Saigon, and both parents arrived in the United States among the first wave of refugees. Like many who fled, they carried almost no photographs with them. Their past survived as memory without image.

    Seen decades later, the photographs move in two directions at once. What began as a soldier’s passing record becomes, in another context, a visual trace of a place that was lost. Through these images, fragments of everyday life—streets, gestures, fleeting interactions—persist beyond displacement.

    Rather than documenting how the war was fought, the collection considers how people lived within its edges.

    They exist in the space between witness and memory, between departure and absence—between frames.

  • The photographs in Between Frames originate as original black-and-white negatives made by U.S. servicemen in Vietnam. Most have never been printed. For decades, they remained as undeveloped fragments of daily life — rare records of waiting, companionship, and routine beyond the battlefield.

    Rather than digitizing the archive, the negatives were returned to the darkroom.

    Each image is hand-printed as a silver gelatin fiber print on reclaimed vintage photographic paper from the same era as the film itself. The materials carry their own history — preserved, unused, and reintroduced into the present.

    The prints are produced on a vintage Leitz Focomat from the estate of Milt Hinton.

    Light passes through the original negative and onto silver-coated fiber paper, allowing each photograph to emerge through the same chemical process that first defined it. These works are not reproductions but continuations — images brought into view for the first time.

    Together, they preserve fragments of a Vietnam rarely pictured in official histories: life lived beside war, in the moments between frames.

the war seen within.

Seen decades later, the photographs move in two directions at once.  What was once a soldier’s casual record of a foreign country becomes a fragment of a home our family lost. 

from one brother
to another

A life assembled through what remains.

Tracing a life from presence to absence—and then into the hands of those who carried it forward. Through letters, ephemera, photographs, awards, and telegrams, this wall assembles one young serviceman’s story in fragments.

But this story does not arrive all at once.

It unfolds through a sequence of messages. Telegrams reporting injury. Updates. Then, confirmation. Each one shifting what is understood, piece by piece.

While the photographs in Between Frames reflect many lives and perspectives, Lynn Matteson’s story offers something rare: a sequence that can be followed. Not because it is complete, but because enough remains to trace its outline.

He was nineteen.

Like the images throughout the exhibition, his life is not seen in full. It is understood through what was kept—moments preserved, details recorded, and messages carried across distance.

In 1969, his brother, Don Matteson of Kingston, New York, accepted the Air Medal on his behalf. In that moment, the story shifts—from something lived, to something carried.

What began as one life becomes something carried by another.

How do we come to understand a life we were never there to witness? And how do we reconstruct a country we have only experienced through what remains?

Parallel Frames

The Vietnam They Knew, The One I Found

Recovered 7-inch reel, ~400 ft, color Super 8 film reel, 1969.

RARE amateur footage by a U.S. Air Force serviceman stationed at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, this reel captures fragments of daily life in and around Saigon during the Vietnam War.

The footage moves between Saigon street scenes, regional flights, and base life—crew gatherings, helicopters, and brief moments of leisure—alongside civic work, including the construction and dedication of the Dieu Quang orphanage in 1969.

What unfolds here sits between two timelines.
One is the Vietnam my parents knew—lived in, and eventually fled.
The other is this one—seen through the lens of a serviceman, moving through the same landscape with a different sense of time, purpose, and distance.

I wasn’t there for either.
But through this reel, I step into both.

Within Between Frames, the film remains a partial record—an individual perspective shaped by what was seen, and what was chosen to be remembered.

SLIDEs

35mm slides (approx. 100), late 1960s–early 1970s.

Recovered archival slide, projected as part of the exhibition environment.

*The slide shown in photo and two slides below are originals from the archive.

Fragments of the Archive

Before the Frame

The cameras that made these images possible.

Displayed alongside the photographs, these artifacts reveal the process behind the images — the equipment used, the film that captured the moment, and the negatives from which the photographs were printed. Together they offer a glimpse into the physical history of photography during the Vietnam War.

Featured- Cameras of the Era (ephemera)

A selection of camera models in circulation during the Vietnam War, many carried by servicemen to document daily life beyond official record.

Olympus Pen EE (circa 1961–1967; with associated DD Form 448)
Yashica Electro 35 G (circa 1968–1972, Jim Stanley)
Minolta Super 3 Circuit (early–mid 1960s)
Agfa WN 3952 (1960s)
Argus Anastigmat (1930s–1940s)
Argus Coated Cintar Rangefinder 50mm (late 1940s–1960s)
Argus Flash Finder 50mm f/3.5 (1950s–1960s)
Kodak Signet 35 (early 1950s)
Kodak 35 No. 1 Diomatic (late 1930s–early 1950s)
Kodak 35 No. 1 Kodamatic (late 1930s–early 1950s)

Yashika Electro 35mm Yashino-DX Camera with Vietnam leather film holders belonging to Jim Stanley.

Photo: Jim Stanley.

The War on the Newsstand

35 Life Magazine Covers (Vietnam), 1960s–1970s

During the Vietnam War, the conflict unfolded not only in Southeast Asia, but also on the pages of American magazines. Among the most influential was Life Magazine, whose photojournalists brought the realities of the war into millions of homes each week. With its large-format photography and bold covers, Life became one of the primary ways the American public encountered the images of Vietnam.

This gallery wall features thirty original issues of Life magazine published during the Vietnam War years, each preserved as a cultural artifact of its moment. The covers trace a shifting narrative of the war—moving from early reports and distant headlines to stark photographs that revealed the human cost of the conflict. Soldiers, protestors, political leaders, and civilians appear across these pages, capturing how the war was seen, debated, and understood by the American public at the time.

Unlike the personal photographs shown elsewhere in Between Frames, these magazines represent the public face of the war—images selected, edited, and distributed through mass media. Together they form a timeline of perception, documenting how photography shaped public memory of Vietnam as the conflict unfolded.

Displayed as a single wall installation, these covers create a visual chronology of a war told through journalism—thirty frames of history that once arrived weekly on newsstands across America.

Rendering: Life Magazine wall, “The War On The Newsstand”

Voices on Tape (1967–1971)

Among the objects in Between Frames is a small group of fragile reel-to-reel magnetic tapes—personal field recordings made by an American serviceman stationed in Vietnam between 1967 and 1971. These are ¼-inch reel-to-reel audio tapes, a common consumer recording format of the era. Portable tape recorders were widely used by soldiers because they were compact, battery-powered, and durable enough to carry overseas. With them, servicemen recorded fragments of daily life.


“Telephone conversation with my mother — February 2, 1971”

“December 2, 1967 — Billy telling us where he was situated…”

“Bacu” — referencing Bacu Street in Vũng Tàu, a major city in southern Vietnam

“Jet offense…”

“Harmonic music — one side only”

“The boys with their weapons and what they do — January 1970”

“Described pictures — January 14th”

The Physical Archive

Stamped Messages

Souvenir Dog Tag — Vietnam War Era

Hand-stamped souvenir tag made for an American serviceman during the Vietnam War, produced at a local metal stamping stand near a military base.

Vietnamese: “Tôi là một người Mỹ, hãy mang đến cho tôi whisky và gái đẹp.”

During the Vietnam War, small hand-stamped metal tags were often made or purchased by servicemen as personal souvenirs. Unlike official military identification tags, these pieces carried informal messages—sometimes humorous, sometimes reflective, and sometimes simply a reminder of home. Many were stamped at small roadside stands or local shops near bases, where soldiers could choose their own phrases and watch the tags being made by hand.

As part of this exhibition, visitors can observe the process of hand-stamping these tags using traditional metal punches. Each strike leaves a permanent impression in the metal, echoing the same simple method that produced countless personal keepsakes during the war.

Visitors also have the opportunity to purchase a piece of history. Available are a limited number of authentic Vietnam War–era dog tags issued during the 1960s, along with similar deadstock vintage tags from the same period. Together, these objects reflect the personal culture that surrounded soldiers during the war—small pieces of metal that carried humor, identity, and memory.